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To termites, any breach of the tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites detect a potential breach, the soldiers normally bang their heads, apparently to entice other troops for defence and also to recruit additional workers to repair any breach.56 Additionally, an alarmed termite bumps into other termites which causes them to become alarmed and to leave pheromone trails to the distressed area, which is also a means to recruit extra workers.56.

The pantropical subfamily Nasutitermitinae has a specialised caste of soldiers, also known as nasutes, that have the capability to exude noxious liquids through a horn-like frontal projection they utilize for defence.155 Nasutes have lost their mandibles throughout the course of evolution and must be fed by workers.59 A wide variety of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the fluids that nasutes secrete.156 Likewise, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to protect their nests.157.

Soldiers of those species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis  rupturing a large gland just beneath the surface of their cuticles. The thick, yellow fluid in the gland gets quite sticky on contact with the atmosphere, entangling ants or other insects that are trying to invade the nest.158159 Another termite, Neocapriterme taracua, also engages in suicidal defence.

When soldiers guarding nest entrances are attacked by intruders, they engage in autothysis, creating a cube that denies entry to any attacker.161.

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Workers use a number of different strategies to take care of their dead, including burying, cannibalism, and avoiding a corpse altogether.162163164 To avoid pathogens, termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate conveys away a corpse in the colony to dispose of it everywhere.165 Which strategy is utilized depends on the nature of the corpse a employee is dealing with (i.e.

A species of fungus is known to mimic termite eggs, successfully avoiding its natural predators. These small brown chunks, known as"termite balls", seldom kill the eggs, and in certain cases the employees tend to them.166 This fungus mimics these eggs by producing a cellulose-digesting enzyme known as glucosidases.167 A unique mimicking behaviour exists between different species of Trichopsenius beetles and certain termite species within Reticulitermes.

This chemical mimicry makes it possible for the beetles to integrate themselves within the termite colonies.168 The developed appendages on the physogastric abdomen of Austrospirachtha mimetes allows the beetle to mimic a termite worker.169.

Several species of ant have been known discover here to capture termites to utilize as a fresh food source after on, rather than killing them. For example, Formica nigra captures termites, and people who attempt to escape are immediately seized and driven underground.170 Certain species of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae conduct these raids although other ant species move in alone to steal the eggs or nymphs.146 Ants such as Megaponera analis attack the exterior of mounds and Dorylinae ants assault underground.146171 Despite this, some termites and ants can coexist peacefully.

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54 species of ants are known to inhabit Nasutitermes mounds, both inhabited and abandoned ones.174 One reason many ants live in Nasutitermes mounds is a result of the termites' frequent occurrence in their geographic range; another is to shield themselves from floods.174175 Iridomyrmex also inhabits termite mounds but no evidence for any kind of relationship (other than the usual predatory one) is known.116 In rare situations, certain species of termites live inside active ant colonies.176 Some invertebrate organisms such as beetles, caterpillars, flies and millipedes are termitophiles and reside inside termite colonies (they are unable to survive independently).56 As a result, certain beetles and flies have evolved with their hosts.

Mounds may also offer shelter and heat to birds, lizards, snakes and see here scorpions.56.

Termites are known to carry pollen and frequently see flowers,177 are regarded as potential pollinators for any number of flowering plants.178 One blossom in particular, Rhizanthella gardneri, is frequently pollinated by foraging employees, and it's perhaps the only Orchidaceae blossom in the world to be click to read more pollinated by termites.177

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Many plants have developed effective defences against termites. However, seedlings are vulnerable to termite attacks and need additional protection, as their defence mechanisms only develop when they've passed the seedling stage.179 Defence is typically achieved by secreting antifeedant chemicals into the woody cell walls.180 This reduces the ability of termites to efficiently digest the cellulose.

When kept near the extract, they get disoriented and eventually perish.181.

Termite populations can be substantially impacted by environmental changes including those caused by human intervention. A Brazilian research investigated the termite assemblages of three websites of Caatinga under different levels of anthropogenic disturbance in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil were sampled using 65 x 2 m transects.182 A total of 26 species of termites had been present in the three sites, and 196 encounters were listed in the transects.